{"id":1299621,"date":"2023-11-20T10:03:29","date_gmt":"2023-11-20T15:03:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/?p=1299621"},"modified":"2023-11-20T11:58:10","modified_gmt":"2023-11-20T16:58:10","slug":"shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/","title":{"rendered":"Pa. high court approves use of ShotSpotter report in North Side man\u2019s conviction, airs concerns"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The Pennsylvania Supreme Court last week ruled that evidence derived from Pittsburgh\u2019s ShotSpotter gunshot detection system was properly allowed in the prosecution of a now-72-year-old North Side man, but two justices expressed concern about the admissibility of tech-derived reports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The six sitting justices ruled unanimously that Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas Judge Jill Rangos did not err when she allowed prosecutors to submit, and a City of Pittsburgh police officer testify regarding, a ShotSpotter-generated report in a case against Angelo Weeden.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He was charged in a 2018 incident involving shots fired at a car in which a former romantic partner and others were riding. Court records indicate two bullet holes in the car door, but no injuries. A jury convicted him of aggravated assault and related charges, and Rangos sentenced him to 10 to 20 years of incarceration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\t<div\n\t\tclass=\"wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles  wpnbha show-image image-alignright ts-2 is-2 is-uncropped show-category  has-text-align-left\"\n\t\tstyle=\"\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<style id=\"newspack-blocks-inline-css\" type=\"text\/css\">\t\t.wpnbha article .entry-title {\n\t\t\tfont-size: 1.2em;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.wpnbha .entry-meta {\n\t\t\tdisplay: flex;\n\t\t\tflex-wrap: wrap;\n\t\t\talign-items: center;\n\t\t\tmargin-top: 0.5em;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.wpnbha article .entry-meta {\n\t\t\tfont-size: 0.8em;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.wpnbha article .avatar {\n\t\t\theight: 25px;\n\t\t\twidth: 25px;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.wpnbha .post-thumbnail{\n\t\t\tmargin: 0;\n\t\t\tmargin-bottom: 0.25em;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.wpnbha .post-thumbnail img {\n\t\t\theight: auto;\n\t\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.wpnbha .post-thumbnail figcaption {\n\t\t\tmargin-bottom: 0.5em;\n\t\t}\n\t\t.wpnbha p {\n\t\t\tmargin: 0.5em 0;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t.wpnbha.ts-2 .entry-title{font-size: 0.9em}.wpnbha.ts-2 article .newspack-post-subtitle, .wpnbha.ts-2 article .entry-wrapper p, .wpnbha.ts-2 article .entry-wrapper .more-link, .wpnbha.ts-2 article .entry-meta {font-size: 0.8em;}.newspack-post-subtitle--in-homepage-block {\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 0.3em;\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin-bottom: 0;\n\t\t\t\t\tline-height: 1.4;\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-style: italic;\n\t\t\t\t}\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-posts data-current-post-id=\"1299621\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<article data-post-id=\"1284118\"\n\t\tclass=\"tag-aclu-of-pennsylvania tag-gun-violence tag-pa-supreme-court tag-pittsburgh-bureau-of-police tag-shotspotter category-data category-publicsource-investigation category-local-government category-public-safety type-post post-has-image\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"post-thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pittsburgh-police-gun-crime-violence-supreme-court\/\" rel=\"bookmark\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"798\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Z62_2964-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C798&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-newspack-article-block-uncropped size-newspack-article-block-uncropped wp-post-image\" alt=\"ShotSpotter reports gunshots in Pittsburgh 3,000 times a year. One case could deflect its use in court.\" data-hero-candidate=\"1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Z62_2964-scaled.jpg?w=2560&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1 2560w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Z62_2964-scaled.jpg?resize=400%2C266&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Z62_2964-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C681&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Z62_2964-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C511&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Z62_2964-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1022&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Z62_2964-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1363&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Z62_2964-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C798&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Z62_2964-scaled.jpg?resize=1568%2C1043&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1 1568w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Z62_2964-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C798&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1&amp;w=370 370w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 34.9rem) calc(100vw - 2rem), (max-width: 53rem) calc(8 * (100vw \/ 12)), (min-width: 53rem) calc(6 * (100vw \/ 12)), 100vw\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure><!-- .featured-image -->\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"entry-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cat-links \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/category\/publicsource-investigation\/\">Investigations<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pittsburgh-police-gun-crime-violence-supreme-court\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">ShotSpotter reports gunshots in Pittsburgh 3,000 times a year. One case could deflect its use in court.<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"newspack-post-subtitle newspack-post-subtitle--in-homepage-block\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe alert system is increasingly important in police efforts to understand and address gun crime, but the state Supreme Court may soon address whether it tilts the scales of justice.\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .entry-wrapper -->\n\t<\/article>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Weeden\u2019s attorney, Justin Romano, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pittsburgh-police-gun-crime-violence-supreme-court\/\">appealed the conviction<\/a>, arguing that ShotSpotter\u2019s \u201cinherent unreliability\u201d and the failure of the prosecution to present any witness who could be effectively cross-examined about its methodology, resulted in a violation of Weeden\u2019s right to confront an accuser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ShotSpotter installs acoustic sensors in locations like the tops of buildings, streetlight poles and cellphone towers. The sensors listen for loud sounds, and an algorithm calculates the location. The technology, plus human reviewers, determine whether the sounds are likely gunfire. The information is then transmitted to the county 911 system, which determines whether to dispatch police.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"681\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/ShotSpotter-Tech-question-02-1.jpg?resize=681%2C1024&#038;quality=100&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"A light pole on Mohler Street in Homewood North. Light poles are among the pieces of infrastructure that can include ShotSpotter acoustic sensors in around one-third of the City of Pittsburgh. (Photo by Stephanie Strasburg\/Public Source)\" class=\"wp-image-1284128\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/ShotSpotter-Tech-question-02-1-scaled.jpg?resize=681%2C1024&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1 681w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/ShotSpotter-Tech-question-02-1-scaled.jpg?resize=200%2C300&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/ShotSpotter-Tech-question-02-1-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C1154&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/ShotSpotter-Tech-question-02-1-scaled.jpg?resize=1022%2C1536&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1 1022w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/ShotSpotter-Tech-question-02-1-scaled.jpg?resize=1363%2C2048&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1 1363w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/ShotSpotter-Tech-question-02-1-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C1804&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/ShotSpotter-Tech-question-02-1-scaled.jpg?resize=1568%2C2357&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1 1568w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/ShotSpotter-Tech-question-02-1-scaled.jpg?resize=400%2C601&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/ShotSpotter-Tech-question-02-1-scaled.jpg?w=1703&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1 1703w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/ShotSpotter-Tech-question-02-1-681x1024.jpg?w=370&amp;quality=100&amp;ssl=1 370w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 681px) 100vw, 681px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A light pole on Mohler Street in Homewood North. Light poles are among the pieces of infrastructure that can include ShotSpotter acoustic sensors in around one-third of the City of Pittsburgh. (Photo by Stephanie Strasburg\/Public Source)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The state <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pacourts.us\/assets\/opinions\/Supreme\/out\/J-12-2023mo%20-%20105741629246530200.pdf?cb=1\">Supreme Court ruled<\/a> that the ShotSpotter-generated report tied to Weeden\u2019s charges did not constitute testimony, because it was just a repackaging of data generated by ShotSpotter at the time the shots were fired. Based on U.S. Supreme Court precedent allowing admission of evidence gathered in an \u201congoing emergency,\u201d the state\u2019s high court found that use of the report did not run afoul of Weeden\u2019s rights as a defendant under the <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.congress.gov\/constitution\/amendment-6\/\">Sixth Amendment<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Justice David Wecht, while <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pacourts.us\/assets\/opinions\/Supreme\/out\/J-12-2023co%20-%20105741629246530801.pdf?cb=1\">concurring with the opinion<\/a> because of federal precedents, wrote that admitting such reports \u201cwithout a corroborating witness on the stand to undergo cross-examination hardly contributes\u201d to the goal of fair trials. \u201cTo the contrary, it all but guarantees the opposite.\u201d Unless the U.S. Supreme Court \u201creverses course,\u201d he wrote, \u201cthis inequity shall continue.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Justice Kevin Brobson, in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pacourts.us\/assets\/opinions\/Supreme\/out\/J-12-2023co1%20-%20105741629246531145.pdf?cb=1\">another concurring opinion<\/a>, wrote that \u201cas technology advances, particularly in the field of artificial intelligence, these concerns will continue to arise.\u201d He recommended that the state court system\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pacourts.us\/courts\/supreme-court\/committees\/rules-committees\/committee-on-rules-of-evidence#:~:text=The%20Committee%20on%20Rules%20of,evidence%20law%20in%20the%20Commonwealth.\">Committee on Rules of Evidence<\/a> examine concerns with the use of emerging technology as evidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pittsburgh began using ShotSpotter in early 2015 over a 3-square-mile area in the northeast of the city, with officials billing it as a way of summoning police and medical assistance to gunshot victims even when no one calls 911. It has since been expanded to cover roughly one-third of the city.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The city pays ShotSpotter around $1.2 million a year and the current contract runs through 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Rich Lord is the managing editor at PublicSource and can be reached at rich@publicsource.org.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Justice David Wecht wrote that admitting such reports \u201cwithout a corroborating witness on the stand to undergo cross-examination hardly contributes\u201d to the goal of fair trials. \u201cTo the contrary, it all but guarantees the opposite.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":70,"featured_media":1284244,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"single-feature.php","format":"standard","meta":{"MSN_Categories":"","MSN_Publish_Option":false,"MSN_Is_Local_News":false,"MSN_Location":"","MSN_Add_Feature_Img_On_Top_Of_Post":false,"MSN_Has_Custom_Author":false,"MSN_Custom_Author":"","MSN_Has_Custom_Canonical_Url":false,"MSN_Custom_Canonical_Url":"","newspack_ads_suppress_ads":false,"newspack_popups_has_disabled_popups":false,"newspack_sponsor_sponsorship_scope":"","newspack_sponsor_native_byline_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_native_category_display":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_style":"inherit","newspack_sponsor_underwriter_placement":"inherit","apple_news_api_created_at":"2023-11-20T15:03:34Z","apple_news_api_id":"7d9a8eb5-6087-4659-881b-51c9f2932f10","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2023-11-20T16:58:13Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABg==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/AfZqOtWCHRlmIG1HJ8pMvEA","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_is_hidden":false,"apple_news_is_paid":false,"apple_news_is_preview":false,"apple_news_is_sponsored":false,"apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":"[]","apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"footnotes":"","newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"In a case involving a Pittsburgh man, prosecutors relied in part on a report generated by a high-tech acoustic system. The state Supreme Court ruled the report admissible, but some justices found weighty implications for the rights of the accused.","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false},"categories":[6,31],"tags":[1140,1020,2666,1035],"newspack_spnsrs_tax":[],"coauthors":[100],"apple_news_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.9.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Pa. Supreme Court: ShotSpotter OK in Pittsburgh conviction<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A North Side man\u2019s prosecution relied in part on a report from the ShotSpotter acoustic detection system. Pennsylvania\u2019s Supreme Court ruled the report admissible, but some justices found implications for the rights of the accused.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pa. Supreme Court: ShotSpotter OK in Pittsburgh conviction\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A North Side man\u2019s prosecution relied in part on a report from the ShotSpotter acoustic detection system. Pennsylvania\u2019s Supreme Court ruled the report admissible, but some justices found implications for the rights of the accused.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PublicSource\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/publicsource\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-11-20T15:03:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-11-20T16:58:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/ShotSpotter09-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1703\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rich Lord\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@richelord\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@PublicSourcePA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rich Lord\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"richlord\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#\/schema\/person\/04d5751174860613409ab2f69bae05a2\"},\"headline\":\"Pa. high court approves use of ShotSpotter report in North Side man\u2019s conviction, airs concerns\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-11-20T15:03:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-11-20T16:58:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/\"},\"wordCount\":554,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"Allegheny County\",\"Criminal Justice\",\"leadstorynoshow\",\"Pittsburgh\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Local Government\",\"PUBLIC SAFETY\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2023\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/\",\"name\":\"Pa. Supreme Court: ShotSpotter OK in Pittsburgh conviction\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-11-20T15:03:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-11-20T16:58:10+00:00\",\"description\":\"A North Side man\u2019s prosecution relied in part on a report from the ShotSpotter acoustic detection system. Pennsylvania\u2019s Supreme Court ruled the report admissible, but some justices found implications for the rights of the accused.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Pa. high court approves use of ShotSpotter report in North Side man\u2019s conviction, airs concerns\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/\",\"name\":\"PublicSource\",\"description\":\"Stories for a better Pittsburgh.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"PublicSource\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-initials-square.png?fit=1080%2C1080&quality=100&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-initials-square.png?fit=1080%2C1080&quality=100&ssl=1\",\"width\":1080,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"PublicSource\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/publicsource\/\",\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/PublicSourcePA\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/publicsource\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#\/schema\/person\/04d5751174860613409ab2f69bae05a2\",\"name\":\"richlord\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/0cf65756cf311d11e9a0de6090147046\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c488107d4abc1945f0ac97da9e750171?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c488107d4abc1945f0ac97da9e750171?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"richlord\"},\"description\":\"Rich is the managing editor of PublicSource. He joined the team in 2020, serving as a reporter focused on housing and economic development and an assistant editor. He reported for the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette from 2005 through early 2020, leading projects on child poverty, the opioid epidemic, communities with concentrations of people accessing mental health services, and the federal use of confidential informants. He has covered the federal court and city government beats, and was part of a team that won the Pulitzer Prize for breaking news reporting, for reporting on the Tree of Life massacre. Rich has also worked for the Pittsburgh City Paper and the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. He wrote a 2004 book about the subprime mortgage industry, called \u201cAmerican Nightmare: Predatory Lending and the Foreclosure of the American Dream.\u201d His first journalistic foray was a column on the challenge of finding vegetarian food in Pittsburgh restaurants, published in 1994. Rich graduated from George Washington University, and he and his family can often be found on Western Pennsylvania bike trails.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/richelord\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/author\/richlord\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Pa. Supreme Court: ShotSpotter OK in Pittsburgh conviction","description":"A North Side man\u2019s prosecution relied in part on a report from the ShotSpotter acoustic detection system. Pennsylvania\u2019s Supreme Court ruled the report admissible, but some justices found implications for the rights of the accused.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Pa. Supreme Court: ShotSpotter OK in Pittsburgh conviction","og_description":"A North Side man\u2019s prosecution relied in part on a report from the ShotSpotter acoustic detection system. Pennsylvania\u2019s Supreme Court ruled the report admissible, but some justices found implications for the rights of the accused.","og_url":"http:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/","og_site_name":"PublicSource","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/publicsource\/","article_published_time":"2023-11-20T15:03:29+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-11-20T16:58:10+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1703,"url":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/ShotSpotter09-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Rich Lord","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@richelord","twitter_site":"@PublicSourcePA","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Rich Lord","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/"},"author":{"name":"richlord","@id":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#\/schema\/person\/04d5751174860613409ab2f69bae05a2"},"headline":"Pa. high court approves use of ShotSpotter report in North Side man\u2019s conviction, airs concerns","datePublished":"2023-11-20T15:03:29+00:00","dateModified":"2023-11-20T16:58:10+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/"},"wordCount":554,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#organization"},"keywords":["Allegheny County","Criminal Justice","leadstorynoshow","Pittsburgh"],"articleSection":["Local Government","PUBLIC SAFETY"],"inLanguage":"en-US","copyrightYear":"2023","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/","url":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/","name":"Pa. Supreme Court: ShotSpotter OK in Pittsburgh conviction","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#website"},"datePublished":"2023-11-20T15:03:29+00:00","dateModified":"2023-11-20T16:58:10+00:00","description":"A North Side man\u2019s prosecution relied in part on a report from the ShotSpotter acoustic detection system. Pennsylvania\u2019s Supreme Court ruled the report admissible, but some justices found implications for the rights of the accused.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Pa. high court approves use of ShotSpotter report in North Side man\u2019s conviction, airs concerns"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/","name":"PublicSource","description":"Stories for a better Pittsburgh.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#organization","name":"PublicSource","url":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-initials-square.png?fit=1080%2C1080&quality=100&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-initials-square.png?fit=1080%2C1080&quality=100&ssl=1","width":1080,"height":1080,"caption":"PublicSource"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/publicsource\/","https:\/\/twitter.com\/PublicSourcePA","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/publicsource\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#\/schema\/person\/04d5751174860613409ab2f69bae05a2","name":"richlord","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/0cf65756cf311d11e9a0de6090147046","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c488107d4abc1945f0ac97da9e750171?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c488107d4abc1945f0ac97da9e750171?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"richlord"},"description":"Rich is the managing editor of PublicSource. He joined the team in 2020, serving as a reporter focused on housing and economic development and an assistant editor. He reported for the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette from 2005 through early 2020, leading projects on child poverty, the opioid epidemic, communities with concentrations of people accessing mental health services, and the federal use of confidential informants. He has covered the federal court and city government beats, and was part of a team that won the Pulitzer Prize for breaking news reporting, for reporting on the Tree of Life massacre. Rich has also worked for the Pittsburgh City Paper and the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. He wrote a 2004 book about the subprime mortgage industry, called \u201cAmerican Nightmare: Predatory Lending and the Foreclosure of the American Dream.\u201d His first journalistic foray was a column on the challenge of finding vegetarian food in Pittsburgh restaurants, published in 1994. Rich graduated from George Washington University, and he and his family can often be found on Western Pennsylvania bike trails.","sameAs":["https:\/\/twitter.com\/richelord"],"url":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/author\/richlord\/"}]}},"parsely":{"version":"1.1.0","meta":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Pa. high court approves use of ShotSpotter report in North Side man\u2019s conviction, airs concerns","url":"http:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/ShotSpotter09-scaled.jpg?resize=150%2C150&quality=100&ssl=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/ShotSpotter09-scaled.jpg?fit=2560%2C1703&quality=100&ssl=1"},"articleSection":"Local Government","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Rich Lord"}],"creator":["Rich Lord"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"PublicSource","logo":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/meta-logo.png"},"keywords":["allegheny county","criminal justice","leadstorynoshow","pittsburgh"],"dateCreated":"2023-11-20T15:03:29Z","datePublished":"2023-11-20T15:03:29Z","dateModified":"2023-11-20T16:58:10Z"},"rendered":"<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"headline\":\"Pa. high court approves use of ShotSpotter report in North Side man\\u2019s conviction, airs concerns\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.publicsource.org\\\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\\\/\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.publicsource.org\\\/shotspotter-pennsylvania-supreme-court-evidence-artificial-intelligence-ai\\\/\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.publicsource.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/ShotSpotter09-scaled.jpg?resize=150%2C150&quality=100&ssl=1\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.publicsource.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/ShotSpotter09-scaled.jpg?fit=2560%2C1703&quality=100&ssl=1\"},\"articleSection\":\"Local Government\",\"author\":[{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Rich Lord\"}],\"creator\":[\"Rich Lord\"],\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"PublicSource\",\"logo\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.publicsource.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/11\\\/meta-logo.png\"},\"keywords\":[\"allegheny county\",\"criminal justice\",\"leadstorynoshow\",\"pittsburgh\"],\"dateCreated\":\"2023-11-20T15:03:29Z\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-11-20T15:03:29Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-11-20T16:58:10Z\"}<\/script>","tracker_url":"https:\/\/cdn.parsely.com\/keys\/publicsource.org\/p.js"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/ShotSpotter09-scaled.jpg?fit=2560%2C1703&quality=100&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299621"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/70"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1299621"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299621\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1299638,"href":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1299621\/revisions\/1299638"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1284244"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1299621"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1299621"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1299621"},{"taxonomy":"newspack_spnsrs_tax","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/newspack_spnsrs_tax?post=1299621"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.publicsource.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1299621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}